The Zenit 12 is a 35mm single-lens reflex (SLR) camera produced by KMZ in Russia from 1983 to 1994. It is an improved version of the earlier Zenit TTL, featuring updates for greater reliability and construction quality. The Zenit 12SD variant includes a restyled shutter speed dial, with later 12SD models featuring a redesigned top plate and pentaprism housing. The Zenit 12XP is closely related to the 12SD, but replaces the traditional meter needle with LED exposure indicators in the viewfinder. Additionally, a version of the Zenit 12XP was manufactured in Brazil by BMA INDÚSTRIA E COMÉRCIO LTDA. All models in the Zenit 12 series are known for their mechanical simplicity and use of the M42 lens mount.